Cedar Rapids, Iowa

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
—  City  —

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): City of Five Seasons, CR
Motto: The fifth season is a time to enjoy life, to enjoy the other four seasons.[1]
Location in the State of Iowa
Map from U.S. Census
Coordinates:
Country  United States
State  Iowa
County Linn
Incorporated 1849
Government
 - Type Home Rule - Weak Mayor
 - Mayor Ron Corbett (R)
Area
 - City 64.4 sq mi (166.8 km2)
 - Land 63.1 sq mi (163.5 km2)
 - Water 1.3 sq mi (3.3 km2)
Elevation 810 ft (247 m)
Population (2008)[2][3]
 - City 128,056
 - Density 1,912.6/sq mi (738.4/km2)
 - Metro 255,452
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes 52400-52499
Area code(s) 319
FIPS code 19-12000
GNIS feature ID 0465941
Website www.cedar-rapids.org

Cedar Rapids (pronounced /ˈsiːdər ˈræpɨdz/) is the second largest city in the U.S. state of Iowa and is the county seat of Linn County. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 100 miles (160 km) east of Des Moines, the state's capital and largest city. City hall and the county courthouse are located on Mays Island in the Cedar River; Cedar Rapids is one of few cities in the world with governmental offices on a municipal island.[4]

A flourishing center for arts and culture in Eastern Iowa, the city is home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, the Paramount Theatre, Theatre Cedar Rapids, and the Iowa Cultural Corridor Alliance. Cedar Rapids is an economic hub of the state, located in the core of the Interstate 380 Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Technology Corridor of Linn, Benton, Jones, Johnson, and Washington counties.[5] The estimated population of the three-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 255,452 in 2008.[3] The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population at 128,056 in 2008.[2] The Cedar Rapids/Iowa City corridor has an estimated population of 423,353 as of 2006[6].

Cedar Rapids has been residence to famous figures for the United States, including American Gothic painter Grant Wood, journalist and historian William L. Shirer, writer and photographer Carl Van Vechten, and aerodynamics pioneer Dr. Alexander Lippisch.[7][8] In the 1990s and 2000s, Hollywood would feature several Cedar Rapidians including actors Bobby Driscoll, Ashton Kutcher, Elijah Wood and Ron Livingston. The city is also the setting for a musical, The Pajama Game.

Cedar Rapids is nicknamed the "City of Five Seasons", for the "fifth season" which is time to enjoy the other four.[1] The symbol of the five seasons is the Tree of Five Seasons sculpture in downtown along the north river bank. The name "Five Seasons" and representations of the sculpture appear throughout the city in many forms.[1]

Contents

History

The location of present-day Cedar Rapids was in the territory of the Fox and Sac tribes.

The first permanent settler, Osgood Shepherd, arrived in 1838. When Cedar Rapids was first established in 1838, William Stone named the town Columbus. In 1841 it was resurveyed and renamed by N.B. Brown and his associates. They named the town Cedar Rapids for the rapids in the Cedar River at the site, and the river itself was named for the large number of red cedar trees that grew along its banks. Cedar Rapids was incorporated on January 15, 1849.[9] Cedar Rapids annexed the community of Kingston in 1870.

The economic growth of Cedar Rapids increased in 1871 upon the founding of the Sinclair meatpacking company.

During the Iowa flood of 2008, the Cedar River surpassed the 500-year flood plain and placed an estimated 1300 city blocks, or 9 square miles (23 km2), on both banks of the river under water. Nearly 4,000 homes were evacuated. The Cedar River reached a record high of 31.2 feet (9.5 m) on June 14, 2008. Over 300 homes are to be destroyed in the Cedar Rapids area.[10]

Second Avenue SE in downtown Cedar Rapids looking towards the Cedar River.

Geography

The city is divided into four quadrants, used in addressing. 1st Avenue (U.S. Route 151 Business) divides the north and south sides of the city, and the Cedar River divides east and west. Mays Island, in the middle of the river, is the only area of the city where addresses have no quadrant. Areas outside the city, but which use the "Cedar Rapids" city name on their mailing address, also do not use the quadrants.

Except in the downtown area, 1st Avenue and the Cedar River tend to run diagonally instead of along the cardinal directions. Due to 1st Avenue's curving, there are some areas in western Cedar Rapids where NW addresses are actually south of SW addresses.

Cedar Rapids metropolitan area. From left Benton County, Linn County, and Jones County.

Cedar Rapids is divided into fourteen ZIP Codes. Mays Island and the downtown area are covered by 52401. The northeast quadrant is covered by 52402 and 52411. The southeast quadrant is covered by 52403. The southwest quadrant is covered by 52404. The northwest quadrant is covered by 52405. Post office boxes are covered by ZIP codes 52406, 52407, 52408, 52409, and 52410. Several other ZIP codes are for specific business (Aegon USA, Rockwell Collins, etc.).

The Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Linn, Benton, and Jones counties. The MSA had a 2000 census population of 237,230, with an estimated 2008 population of 255,452;[3] Linn County was the only county in the MSA before the MSA was redefined after the 2000 census.

As a growing job center, Cedar Rapids pulls commuters from nearby Marion and Hiawatha. Other towns that have become bedroom communities include Ely, Swisher, Shueyville, Palo, Atkins, Fairfax, Walford, Robins and Bertram.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 64.4 square miles (166.8 km²), of which, 63.1 square miles (163.5 km²) of it is land and 1.3 square miles (3.3 km²) of it (1.99%) is water.

Demographics

Historical Populations
Year Pop.  %±
1860 1,830 —
1870 5,940 224.6%
1880 10,104 70.1%
1890 18,020 78.3%
1900 25,656 42.4%
1910 32,811 27.9%
1920 45,566 38.9%
1930 56,097 23.1%
1940 62,120 10.7%
1950 72,296 16.4%
1960 92,035 27.3%
1970 110,642 20.2%
1980 110,243 −0.4%
1990 108,772 −1.3%
2000 120,758 11.0%
"American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov.  and Iowa Data Center

As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 120,758 people, 49,820 households, and 30,838 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,912.6 people per square mile (738.4/km²). There were 52,240 housing units at an average density of 827.4/sq mi (319.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.86% White, 3.71% African American, 0.25% Native American, 1.77% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.55% from other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.71% of the population.

There were 49,820 households out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.1 males.[11]

The median income for a household in the city was $43,704, and the median income for a family was $54,286. Males had a median income of $37,217 versus $26,251 for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,589. About 4.9% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under the age of 18 and 6.9% of those 65 or older.

In the 2000 census, Cedar Rapids was 91.9% non-Hispanic white, with well over half of the population claiming a specific ethnic European ancestry, such as Germans (35.5%), Irish (17.1%), English (9.4%), Czechs (7.8%), Norwegians (5.1%), and French from either France or Canada (3.2%).[12] The city also has a growing minority population: for example, in the three-year period from 2006 to 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that 4.9% of the Cedar Rapids population identified as African Americans, up from 3.7% in the 2000 census.[12][13] There are also Asian (such as Cambodians, many of whom arrived in the 1980s), Arab-American and Hispanic communities after an influx of immigrant workers arrived in the 1990s.

Muslim heritage

Cedar Rapids has played an important role in Muslim culture in the United States. The National Muslim Cemetery on 12 acres (49,000 m2) of land donated by Haj. Yahya William Aossey in 1948 is said to be the first exclusively Muslim cemetery in North America. Graves in the cemetery face Mecca.[14] The Mother Mosque of America, dedicated on June 16, 1934, is the first permanent structure built specifically to serve as a mosque in North America.[15] In 1972, another mosque was built and the original mosque was sold and fell into disrepair before being purchased in 1990 by the Islamic Council of Iowa and renovated.[16][17] It is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Iowa flood of 2008 extensively damaged the basement, destroying many historic documents.

Muslim presence in the area dates to 1895 when the first immigrants arrived from the Beqaa Valley in today's Lebanon and Syria.[18] Islamic Services of America (I.S.A.) was established in Cedar Rapids in 1975 and provides Halal Certification and supervision throughout the world.[19]

The 12-story Roosevelt Hotel was built in 1927 and is on the National Register of Historic Places. It is one of several prospects attracting outside investors to the city[20].

Economy

Cedar Rapids is one of the largest cities in the world for corn processing. The grain processing industry is Cedar Rapids' most important sector, directly providing 4,000 jobs that pay on average $85,000, and also providing 8,000 indirectly.[21] Fortune 500 company Rockwell Collins is based in Cedar Rapids,[22] and Aegon has its United States headquarters there. A large Quaker Oats mill, one of the four that merged in 1901 to form Quaker Oats, dominates the north side of downtown. Other large companies that have facilities in Cedar Rapids include Archer Daniels Midland, Cargill, General Mills, and Nordstrom.[21] Newspaperarchive, based in Cedar Rapids, is the largest newspaper archive in North America with a repository of more than 150 million pages assembled over 250 years; it was taken offline for two days by the 2008 flood.

Arts

The Tree of Five Seasons sculpture is the city's centerpiece, located where 1st Avenue crosses the Cedar River on the north bank. It was constructed in the mid-1990s by a local businessman to promote the area.

Cedar Rapids is home to the Cedar Rapids Symphony Orchestra, the Paramount Theatre, Theatre Cedar Rapids, and Brucemore, a National Trust Historic Site, among others.

Cedar Rapids is also home to the Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, Legion Art's CSPS Museum, the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library, the African American Historical Museum, Kirkwood Community College's Iowa Hall Gallery, and the legendary Grant Wood Studio at 5 Turner Alley. These Cedar Rapids venues have recently hosted world class and award nominated exhibitions, including the works of Andy Warhol, Grant Wood, and the Iowa Biennial, among others.

The Cedar Rapids Museum of Art houses the largest collection of Grant Wood paintings in the world. The 1920s Paramount Theatre is home to the Cedar Rapids Symphony Orchestra and the Cedar Rapids Area Theatre Organ Society. Concerts and events such as high school graduations, sporting events, exhibitions, and political rallies are held in the U.S. Cellular Center, formerly known as The Five Seasons Center.

Many arts centers in Cedar Rapids sustained severe damage during the June 2008 flood. Among those severely damaged are the Paramount Theatre, Theatre Cedar Rapids, the National Czech & Slovak Museum, and the African American Historical Museum. Two Wurlitzer organs were damaged, located at the Paramount Theatre and Theatre Cedar Rapids. The Cedar Rapids Museum of Art suffered minor damage. It is expected to cost $25 million to repair the Paramount.[23][24]

Sports

Cedar Rapids is home of the minor-league baseball team Cedar Rapids Kernels, a member of the Midwest League since 1962. The Kernels are a Class-A affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The ice hockey team Cedar Rapids RoughRiders are a member of the USHL and were once Clark Cup Champions. There is also a junior hockey league, the Cedar Rapids Hockey Association, with mini-mite-high school teams. Sports facilities include Veterans Memorial Stadium for baseball, Kingston Stadium for football and track, the Cedar Rapids Ice Arena for hockey, Hawkeye Downs Speedway, a half-mile paved racetrack featuring weekly racing and national and regional touring series as well as a motocross arena, and the U.S. Cellular Center (formerly the Five Seasons Center) for basketball. This arena also hosts the Iowa High School volleyball championships and many concerts. Cedar Rapids is also home to the high competitive "metro" athletic teams, representing Jefferson, Washington, Kennedy, Linn-Mar, Xavier, and Prairie high schools. Cedar Rapids is also the birth place of NASCAR Nationwide's 2008 RAYBESTO's Rookie Of The Year Landon Cassill.

Government

Veterans Memorial Building, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Also called City Hall.
Mays Island with the County Courthouse in the rear of the majestic City Hall.

From April 6, 1908, to December 31, 2005, Cedar Rapids used the city commission form of government. It was one of the few larger American cities remaining to operate under this model. Under this form of government, the council was made up of a public safety commissioner, a streets commissioner, a finance commissioner, a parks commissioner, and a mayor. The council members worked on a full-time basis, served two year terms, and were considered department heads. The last mayor of Cedar Rapids under this form of government was Paul Pate.

In 2005 the Cedar Rapids Area Chamber of Commerce spearheaded a movement to change from the commission form of government. A panel was appointed by Mayor Pate and the City Council to study the issue, and recommended that voters be presented with three options:

On June 14, 2005, voters went to the polls to decide whether to adopt a new form of government or continue with the commission form. This time, with very low turnout, 17,064 voted to change the government and 7,741 voted for the existing commission form. Elections were held on November 8, 2005 and 30 candidates ran. Kay Halloran, a retired attorney and state legislator, became the first mayor elected under the new system. Several members of the city council were elected outright; however, the remaining races were close enough to require a runoff election, which took place in December.

Cedar Rapids now has an Iowa "Home Rule" charter which establishes a weak mayor system with a part-time City Council and Mayor both on four year terms.[25] The eight-member Council is divided into five districts. One council member is elected from each district and the remaining three members are elected on an at-large basis. The mayor's salary is $30,000 and each member's is $15,000.

The Council and Mayor hired Jim Prosser as City Manager in the summer of 2006. Prior to hiring Prosser, James Flitz, formerly the City Attorney, served as interim City Manager. Department directors report to the City Manager, who has authority over employment, except in the case of the Police and Fire Chiefs, which require Council approval. The first meeting of the Council was held on January 3, 2006.

Mayors of Cedar Rapids since 1969

Mayor Period
Don Canney 1969–1992
Larry Serbousek 1992–1995
Lee Clancey 1995–2002
Paul Pate 2002–2006
Kay Halloran (D) 2006–2009
Ron Corbett (R)[26] 2010-

Neighborhoods

Czech Village is at the heart of the city's Czech heritage. Pictured is Sykora Bakery which is now open to the public.

Czech Village is located along 16th Avenue SW which is south of the Cedar River. It is home to such Czech-related businesses as Zindrick's Czech Restaurant, Boženka's, Czech Feather & Down Company, and Czech Cottage. The National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library is one of the major tourist attractions in Cedar Rapids. Nearby is also a Bohemian National Cemetery.

The Cedar Rapids Czech Heritage Foundation is one of many local organizations working to promote and preserve Czech heritage in Cedar Rapids. They support and sponsor many programs and events throughout the year. One of these programs is the Miss Czech-Slovak Iowa pageant. Two Miss Czech-Slovak USA queens can claim this community as home: Lisa Volesky and Stasia Krivanek.

Olga Drahozal is the famed band leader of the Czech Plus Polka Band, a performing group that frequents the Kosek Band Stand. She, along with Bessie Duggena and Leona Poduška, taught Czech School (Česká škola) at Wilson Middle School.

In 2003, the African-American Historical Museum and Cultural Center of Iowa opened its doors. Cedar Rapids is also home to the historic 26 acre (105,000 m²) Brucemore Estate, on which sits a 21-room mansion and the Masonic Library and Museum.

There are twelve active neighborhood associations in Cedar Rapids. These include Wellington Heights and Moundview Heights on the south side. In the Northeast is the Kenwood neighborhood, which was independent until incorporated in the Cedar Rapids city limits. The boundaries of Kenwood are 32nd Street to Oakland Road to Old Marion Road to C Avenue to 40th Street then 1st Avenue between 40th street and 32nd Street.

In addition to the neighborhood associations in Cedar Rapids, there are many informal, unofficial neighborhoods, such as Bowman Woods, Vernon Heights, Stoney Point, and Wilderness Estates.

In 2009, Cedar Rapids was rated one of the "Top 10 cities to Grow Up In" in the United States, partly due to a low crime rate and a good public school system.[27]

Education

Cedar Rapids is home to two four-year colleges: Coe College and Mount Mercy College. The University of Iowa also has an evening MBA facility there.[28] Kirkwood Community College is the area's only two-year college, while Kaplan University (formerly Hamilton College) and Upper Iowa University also have campuses there. Cornell College in Mount Vernon and the University of Iowa's main campus in Iowa City are both within 30 miles (48 km) of Cedar Rapids.

The Cedar Rapids Community School District is the largest school district in the metropolitan area with an enrollment of 17,263 in the 2006-2007 school year.[29] The district contains 24 elementary schools, six middle schools, and four high schools: Jefferson, Washington, Kennedy, and Metro High School(an alternative high school).[30] Two neighboring school districts draw students from within the Cedar Rapids city limits. The Linn-Mar Community School District serves part of the northeast quadrant of the city and has seven elementary schools inside the city limits.[31] The College Community School District serves part of the southwest quadrant of Cedar Rapids as well as neighboring rural portions of Linn, Benton and Johnson counties. College Community's four elementary schools, Prairie Middle School, and Prairie High School are all located in a central campus off Interstate 380.[32]

The Cedar Rapids Metro Catholic Education System, which is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque, consists of six elementary schools,[33] two middle schools,[34] and one high school (Xavier). The Cedar Rapids Catholic Education System and Cedar Rapids Community School District are synonymous with each other in the Cedar Rapids Public and Parochial School System.

The city hosts several private schools, including Cedar Valley Christian School, Trinity Lutheran School, Holloway House, and Isaac Newton Christian Academy.

Home schooling is a popular educational option in the area, and several support groups exist for home-schooling families. Area school districts also offer home school assistance programs.

Transportation

Cedar Rapids is served by The Eastern Iowa Airport (formerly known as the Cedar Rapids Airport), a regional airport that connects with other regional and international airports. Cedar Rapids Transit and private bus lines also connect at the airport.

Interstate 380, part of the Avenue of the Saints, runs north-south through Cedar Rapids. U.S. Highways 30, 151, and 218 and Iowa Highway 13 and Iowa Highway 100 also serve the city.

Cedar Rapids is served by four major railroads. They are the Union Pacific, the Cedar Rapids and Iowa City Railway (Crandic), the Canadian National, and the Iowa Northern Railway Company [IANR]. The Iowa Northern Railway has its headquarters in the historic Paramount Theater Building. The Crandic and the Iowa Interstate Railroad also are headquartered in Cedar Rapids. The Iowa Interstate reaches the city via the Crandic tracks, running a daily train from Iowa City, Iowa to Cedar Rapids.

Cedar Rapids is linked to other Midwestern cities by the Burlington Trailways bus hub at the Eastern Iowa Airport.

The city is also served by Cedar Rapids Transit, consisting of an extensive bus system and taxis. Cedar Rapids Transit operates scheduled bus service throughout the city and to Marion. A series of enclosed pedestrian skywalks connect several downtown buildings.

Media

Radio

Cedar Rapids' radio market, which consists of Linn County,[35] is ranked 211th by Arbitron with 172,000 listeners aged 12 and older.[36]

Clear Channel Communications owns four stations in the Cedar Rapids area, including WMT 600 AM, a news/talk station that has broadcast since 1922. Clear Channel also owns WMT-FM 96.5, a hot adult contemporary station; KMJM 1360 AM, a sports radio station; and KKSY 95.7 FM, a country music station.[37] Cumulus Media owns four stations in Cedar Rapids: KDAT 104.5 FM (adult contemporary), KHAK 98.1 FM (country music), KRNA 94.1 FM (active rock), and KRQN 107.1 (oldies).[38] Three other stations in Cedar Rapids are independently owned: KZIA 102.9 FM (contemporary hits), KGYM 1600 AM (sports radio), and KMRY 1450 AM (adult standards).[39] Several stations from Waterloo and Iowa City also figure into ratings in Cedar Rapids.[40] These stations include KFMW 107.9 FM, otherwise known as Rock 108 with an active rock format and KOKZ 105.7 FM which has a classic hits format. Both stations are located in Waterloo. Clear Channel owned KKRQ 100.7 FM and it's classic rock format is the Iowa City station that is typically highly rated in Cedar Rapids.

The only non-commercial station licensed to Cedar Rapids is KCCK 88.3 FM, a jazz station licensed to Kirkwood Community College. KXGM-FM 89.1 is a non-commercial contemporary Christian music station licensed to neighboring Hiawatha.[39] NPR stations from Cedar Falls (KUNI (FM) 90.9 FM) and Iowa City (KSUI 91.7 FM and WSUI 910 AM) reach Cedar Rapids.[41]

Television

The Cedar Rapids-Waterloo-Iowa City-Dubuque media market consists of 21 eastern Iowa counties: Allamakee, Benton, Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Cedar, Chickasaw, Clayton, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Grundy, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Keokuk, Linn, Tama, Washington, and Winneshiek.[35] It is ranked 88th by Nielsen Media Research for the 2008-2009 television season with 346,330 television households.[42]

Cedar Rapids is home to four network-affiliated stations: KGAN channel 2 (CBS), KCRG channel 9 (ABC), KFXA channel 28 (Fox), and KPXR channel 48 (ION). NBC affiliate KWWL channel 7 is based in Waterloo but maintains a newsroom inside the Alliant Energy tower in downtown Cedar Rapids. Other stations in the market are KWKB channel 20 (CW/MyNetwork TV), licensed to Iowa City; KWWF channel 22 (RTN), licensed to Waterloo; and KFXB channel 40 (CTN), licensed to Dubuque. Public television is provided by Iowa Public Television, which has two stations in the area: KIIN channel 12 in Iowa City and KRIN channel 32 in Waterloo. Mediacom and local company ImOn Communications provide cable television service to Cedar Rapids.

Print

The Gazette is the primary daily newspaper for Cedar Rapids.

Health

There are two hospitals in Cedar Rapids. St. Luke's and Mercy Medical Center.

Notable natives and residents

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "What is the "City of Five Seasons"?". City of Cedar Rapids. http://www.cedar-rapids.org/things-to-see-do/city-of-five-seasons/Pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 2010-08-18. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Population Estimates and Rankings for Population, Numerical Change, and Percent Change for Iowa's Incorporated Places: 2000-2008" (PDF). Iowa Data Center. http://data.iowadatacenter.org/datatables/PlacesAll/plestpopranking20002008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-11. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 United States Census Bureau. "Cumulative Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008". http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2008/CBSA-EST2008-07.xls. Retrieved 2009-07-11. 
  4. ↑ Mark Hunter (2005). "Downtown History sourced from Cedar Rapids History Center". Cedar Rapids Downtown District. http://www.downtowncr.org/gettoknowus_downtownhistory.asp. 
  5. ↑ Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Technology Corridor. "About the Corridor". http://www.tech-corridor.com/corridor/about/. Retrieved 2007-05-29. 
  6. ↑ Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Technology Corridor. "Estimated Corridor Pop" (PDF). http://www.tech-corridor.com/corridor/about/demograph/Demographics_Web.pdf. Retrieved 2007-05-29. 
  7. ↑ The Eastern Iowa Airport. "About the Airport". http://easterniowaairport.com/about/history.shtml. 
  8. ↑ EAA. "Countdown to Kitty Hawk:Wright Brothers-Full:Chapter 3". http://www.countdowntokittyhawk.org/people/1903/brothers_full.html. 
  9. ↑ Tom Savage (2007). "a dictionary of Iowa place-names."
  10. ↑ AMY LORENTZEN (2008-07-14). "Iowa's raging Cedar River forces 20,000 from homes". Associated Press. http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hw95ek5Sllmi4SoQ_N4HJvwHE0ZAD919U8D80. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Cedar Rapids city, Iowa - DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000". http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US1912000&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_DP1&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Cedar Rapids city, Iowa - DP-2. Profile of Selected Social Characteristics: 2000". http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US1912000&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP2&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  13. ↑ "Cedar Rapids city, Iowa - 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates". http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=16000US1912000&_geoContext=01000US. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  14. ↑ Islamic Services of America - Background and History - Retrieved June 20, 2010
  15. ↑ "CAIR-MN: Flood Damages Historic American Mosque". Council on American-Islamic Relations. http://www.cair.com/ArticleDetails.aspx?mid1=777&&ArticleID=24980&&name=n&&currPage=1. Retrieved 2008-06-17. 
  16. ↑ Mothermosque.com - History
  17. ↑ History of Islam in Iowa - The Islamic Center - Retrieved June 18, 2008
  18. ↑ Ronald L. Johnstone (2006) Religion in society: a sociology of religionp.362. Prentice Hall
  19. ↑ "Islamic Services of America!". Islamic Services of America. http://www.isaiowa.org/content.asp?ID=2354. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  20. ↑ Rick Smith (2008-05-27). "Minneapolis developer makes his first move in downtown; readies to buy The Roosevelt and renovate it". Eye on the Island. http://rickmsmith.wordpress.com/2008/05/27/minneapolis-developer-makes-first-move-in-downtown-cedar-rapids-readies-to-buy-the-roosevelt-and-renovate-it/. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Ford, George (November 28, 2009). "Impact of grain-processing industry runs deep, but people don’t see it". Cedar Rapids Gazette: pp. 1A. http://gazetteonline.com/top-story/2009/11/28/impact-of-grain-processing-industry-runs-deep-but-people-don%e2%80%99t-see-it. Retrieved 29 November 2009. 
  22. ↑ Fortune.com. "FORTUNE 500 2009: States: Iowa". http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2009/states/IA.html. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 
  23. ↑ Weber, Carly (2008-06-29). "Long road to recovery for arts groups". The Gazette. http://www.gazetteonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080629/NEWS/46762479. 
  24. ↑ Clark, Eric (January 01-2009). "Is Paramount Theatre worth $25 million to repair?". The Gazette. http://www.gazetteonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090101/NEWS/701019920. 
  25. ↑ Home Rule Charter
  26. ↑ Former state lawmaker wins Cedar Rapids mayor race
  27. ↑ http://realestate.yahoo.com/promo/americas-10-best-places-to-grow-up.html
  28. ↑ The University of Iowa. "Tippie School of Management: Our Locations". http://www.biz.uiowa.edu/mba/locations.html. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
  29. ↑ Iowa Department of Education. "2006-2007 Iowa Public School PreK-12 Enrollments by District, Grade, Race and Gender" (XLS). http://www.iowa.gov/educate/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=3323&Itemid=55. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
  30. ↑ Cedar Rapids Community Schools. "About Us". http://www.cr.k12.ia.us/aboutus/index.html. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
  31. ↑ Linn-Mar Community School District. "Boundaries". http://www.linnmar.k12.ia.us/District_Services/District_Information/boundaries.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
  32. ↑ College Community School District. "General Information". http://www.prairiepride.org/community/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
  33. ↑ Cedar Rapids Metro Education System. "Cedar Rapids Metro Education System Elementary Schools". http://www.cr-cath.pvt.k12.ia.us/k5%20schools.html. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
  34. ↑ Cedar Rapids Metro Education System. "Cedar Rapids Metro Education System Middle Schools". http://www.cr-cath.pvt.k12.ia.us/68%20schools.html. Retrieved 2008-01-22. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Arbitron. "Arbitron Radio Metros Based on Fall 2006 Market Definitions" (PDF). http://www.arbitron.com/downloads/Arb_US_Metro_Map_06.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-13. 
  36. ↑ Arbitron. "Market Ranks and Schedule (201-250)". http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm201250.asp. Retrieved 2008-01-13. 
  37. ↑ Clear Channel Communications. "Radio: Station Search". http://www.clearchannel.com/Radio/StationSearch.aspx?RadioSearch=Cedar%20Rapids. Retrieved 2008-01-13. 
  38. ↑ Cumulus Media. "Station Portfolio". http://www.cumulus.com/station_index.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-13. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Northpine.com. "Iowa Radio Stations". http://www.northpine.com/broadcast/ia/radio.html. Retrieved 2008-01-13. 
  40. ↑ Arbitron. "Arbitron Ratings Data". http://www.arbitron.com/home/ratings.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-03. 
  41. ↑ Northpine.com. "Cedar Rapids Dial Guides". http://www.northpine.com/broadcast/dials/cedarrapids.html. Retrieved 2008-01-13. 
  42. ↑ Nielsen Media Research. "Nielsen Local Television Market Universe Estimates". http://tvbythenumbers.com/2008/09/10/nielsen-local-television-market-universe-estimates/5037. Retrieved 2009-01-17. 

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County seat: Cedar Rapids
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